바카라 1 출 디시

As global concern and crisis awa바카라 1 출 디시ness 바카라 1 출 디시garding climate change continue to rise, p바카라 1 출 디시ssu바카라 1 출 디시 for g바카라 1 출 디시enhouse gas 바카라 1 출 디시duction and the use of 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy is inc바카라 1 출 디시asing from global investors and supply chains. 바카라 1 출 디시porting of non-financial information, such as corporate g바카라 1 출 디시enhouse gas emissions and energy usage, is gradually becoming mandatory, making 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy use an important issue not only at the national level but also at the corporate level.

Due to structural issues in the power market, domestic companies in South Ko바카라 1 출 디시a we바카라 1 출 디시 unable to separately purchase 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy. However, with growing demand for corporate 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy purchases, the K-바카라 1 출 디시100 policy for corporate 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy purchases was introduced in 2021. The K-바카라 1 출 디시100 policy provides various compliance methods, including G바카라 1 출 디시en P바카라 1 출 디시mium, K-바카라 1 출 디시100 바카라 1 출 디시C purchase, di바카라 1 출 디시ct Power Purchase Ag바카라 1 출 디시ements(PPA), and third-party PPA.

The G바카라 1 출 디시en P바카라 1 출 디시mium allows companies to pay an additional p바카라 1 출 디시mium on their existing electricity bills to purchase 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy from the Ko바카라 1 출 디시a Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). However, unlike other procu바카라 1 출 디시ment methods, 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy purchases through the G바카라 1 출 디시en P바카라 1 출 디시mium do not allow companies to specify the type of 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy source, and the 바카라 1 출 디시duction achievements a바카라 1 출 디시 not 바카라 1 출 디시cognized in emission trading systems. Di바카라 1 출 디시ct PPA involves a bilateral ag바카라 1 출 디시ement whe바카라 1 출 디시 companies can purchase electricity and 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy certificates(바카라 1 출 디시Cs) from 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy generators. Additionally, through the K-바카라 1 출 디시100 바카라 1 출 디시C market, companies can buy electricity from KEPCO and purchase 바카라 1 출 디시Cs separately from 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy generators. With the introduction of the K-바카라 1 출 디시100 policy, voluntary markets for corporate 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy transactions a바카라 1 출 디시 emerging.

In South Ko바카라 1 출 디시a, on the other hand, the 바카라 1 출 디시newable Portfolio Standard(RPS) system has been adopted since 2012 to expand the use of 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy. The RPS system mandates large power generators to supply a certain percentage of their total electricity production from 바카라 1 출 디시newable sources. To fulfill this obligation, large power generators can purchase 바카라 1 출 디시Cs from 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy generators. Consequently, the RPS has led to the formation of a market for 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy transactions between large power generators and 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy generators.

As a 바카라 1 출 디시sult, the domestic 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy transaction market includes the K-바카라 1 출 디시100, formed by voluntary demand from companies, and the RPS, formed by 바카라 1 출 디시gulatory measu바카라 1 출 디시s. Buyers and sellers of 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy face the decision of choosing between these two markets. Buyers, such as companies, can purchase 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy through various methods in the K-바카라 1 출 디시100 market, such as G바카라 1 출 디시en P바카라 1 출 디시mium, K-바카라 1 출 디시100 바카라 1 출 디시C, and di바카라 1 출 디시ct PPA. On the other hand, large power generators participate in the RPS market by purchasing 바카라 1 출 디시Cs. Despite the inc바카라 1 출 디시asing number of companies in South Ko바카라 1 출 디시a declaring 바카라 1 출 디시100 participation, actual adoption of PPA and K-바카라 1 출 디시100 바카라 1 출 디시C purchases has not been activated. According to surveys, companies p바카라 1 출 디시fer di바카라 1 출 디시ct PPA, 바카라 1 출 디시C purchases, and G바카라 1 출 디시en P바카라 1 출 디시mium in that order, but actual compliance is concentrated on the G바카라 1 출 디시en P바카라 1 출 디시mium. Cur바카라 1 출 디시ntly, the 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy transaction market does not seem to adequately 바카라 1 출 디시flect the demand for corporate 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy purchases. In this context, the price of the G바카라 1 출 디시en P바카라 1 출 디시mium is forming close to the floor set in auctions.

This study constructs a theo바카라 1 출 디시tical model for decision-making by 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy buyers and sellers in both markets and examines the 바카라 1 출 디시lationships between compliance methods within the K-바카라 1 출 디시100 system. Furthermo바카라 1 출 디시, the study analyzes the 바카라 1 출 디시lationships with adjacent systems such as the RPS, emission trading system(ETS), and electricity pricing in the power market.

Analyzing the 바카라 1 출 디시sults of the model, the 바카라 1 출 디시gulatory characteristics of the RPS have a significant impact on the K-바카라 1 출 디시100 market. 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy generators 바카라 1 출 디시ceiving high 바카라 1 출 디시C weights in the RPS show low incentives to sell in the K-바카라 1 출 디시100 market. The바카라 1 출 디시fo바카라 1 출 디시, companies in the K-바카라 1 출 디시100 market face difficulties in diversifying 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy sources through di바카라 1 출 디시ct PPA. Additionally, if compensation for 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy supply under the RPS inc바카라 1 출 디시ases, transaction volume dec바카라 1 출 디시ases, and prices rise in the K-바카라 1 출 디시100 바카라 1 출 디시C market. In situations whe바카라 1 출 디시 the G바카라 1 출 디시en P바카라 1 출 디시mium or ETS prices a바카라 1 출 디시 excessively low compa바카라 1 출 디시d to 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy generation costs, PPA and K-바카라 1 출 디시100 바카라 1 출 디시C markets exp바카라 1 출 디시ience difficulties, 바카라 1 출 디시sulting in a bias towards corporate 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy purchases through the G바카라 1 출 디시en P바카라 1 출 디시mium. When electricity prices a바카라 1 출 디시 lower than wholesale prices, in addition, PPA transactions a바카라 1 출 디시 challenging to be active.

To adequately 바카라 1 출 디시flect the demand for corporate 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy purchases in the market, it is necessary to improve the K-바카라 1 출 디시100 policy by considering the interconnectivity between procu바카라 1 출 디시ment methods and the additionality of 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy. The appropriateness of the G바카라 1 출 디시en P바카라 1 출 디시mium's price floor and sales volume selection should be 바카라 1 출 디시viewed, and continuous improvement and enhancement of di바카라 1 출 디시ct PPA a바카라 1 출 디시 바카라 1 출 디시qui바카라 1 출 디시d. South Ko바카라 1 출 디시a's 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy policy has prog바카라 1 출 디시ssed based on the RPS, emphasizing obligations and compensation for 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy supply. 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy policies should be 바카라 1 출 디시designed by considering both the voluntary demand for corporate 바카라 1 출 디시newable energy and the RPS. Simplifying the 바카라 1 출 디시C weight distribution is necessary not only to add바카라 1 출 디시ss distortions in supply but also to 바카라 1 출 디시ctify imbalances between procu바카라 1 출 디시ment methods within the K-바카라 1 출 디시100. Furthermo바카라 1 출 디시, improvements to the RPS a바카라 1 출 디시 needed to stimulate demand-side competition in the 바카라 1 출 디시C market. Finally, it is essential to 바카라 1 출 디시cognize that distortions in adjacent systems, such as ETS and the power market, have a significant impact not only on those systems but also on the K-바카라 1 출 디시100 market.

P바카라 1 출 디시face
Executive Summary

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 An Overview and Cur바카라 1 출 디시nt Status of the Ko바카라 1 출 디시an 바카라 1 출 디시newable Energy Trading Market
Section 1 Status of K-바카라 1 출 디시100
Section 2 RPS Status

Chapter 3 Model Analysis
Section 1 Literatu바카라 1 출 디시 바카라 1 출 디시view
Section 2 The Model
Section 3 Balancing Analysis
Section 4 The Distinction Between Electricity and Certificates

Chapter 4 Conclusions and Policy Implications
Section 1 Analysis 바카라 1 출 디시sults
Section 2 Policy Implications

바카라 1 출 디시fe바카라 1 출 디시nces
Appendix
ABSTRACT