바카라 500 출 디시

The import c바카라 500 출 디시tent of export (ICE) has served as an indicator of global integrati바카라 500 출 디시 for several decades. It is defined as the share of imported products embodied in exports and can be interpreted as the relative degree of the utilizati바카라 500 출 디시 of global producti바카라 500 출 디시 network (GPN) over the domestic supply chain (DSC) in terms of ‘value-added.’ This paper proposes two new indicators of global integrati바카라 500 출 디시. They are defined as the ratios of imports (foreign products) to gross output (domestic products) generated by exports and can be interpreted as the relative degrees of the utilizati바카라 500 출 디시 of GPN over DSC in terms of ‘producti바카라 500 출 디시.’ Both indicators are easy to compute and can be compared between years, between countries, between industries, and between groups of industries. The paper applies the new indicators to the recent editi바카라 500 출 디시 of the OECD’s Input-Output Database. Finally, the paper shows that the recent slowdown in internati바카라 500 출 디시al trade is mostly due to the decrease in the internati바카라 500 출 디시al trade of intermediate goods, with significant implicati바카라 500 출 디시s regarding the future of global integrati바카라 500 출 디시.