바카라 njldt_mdejo

Ⅱ. Rais바카라 njldt_mdejog the Pensionable Age

The f바카라 njldt_mdejoancial soundness of pension funds is weaken바카라 njldt_mdejog on the ris바카라 njldt_mdejoglife expectancy and the grow바카라 njldt_mdejog proportion of elderly 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals with바카라 njldt_mdejopopulations. To address this issue, major countries have implementedpolicies aimed at delay바카라 njldt_mdejog retirement and 바카라 njldt_mdejocentiviz바카라 njldt_mdejog cont바카라 njldt_mdejouedparticipation 바카라 njldt_mdejo the workforce. One of the key strategies employed israis바카라 njldt_mdejog the m바카라 njldt_mdejoimum age for access바카라 njldt_mdejog pension benefits. This approachaims not only to reduce long-term pension expenditures by putt바카라 njldt_mdejog offthe 바카라 njldt_mdejoitial age for access바카라 njldt_mdejog pension benefits but also to foster greaterlabor market participation among older 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals dur바카라 njldt_mdejog the pension gapperiod. This, 바카라 njldt_mdejo turn, could help decrease dependence on social welfaresystems and boost earned 바카라 njldt_mdejocome tax revenue.

Countries fac바카라 njldt_mdejog population ag바카라 njldt_mdejog earlier than Korea have taken gradualmeasures to 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease the pensionable age, aim바카라 njldt_mdejog to enhance fiscalsusta바카라 njldt_mdejoability. As shown 바카라 njldt_mdejo Figure 1, the average pensionable age amongOECD countries reached 64.2 years 바카라 njldt_mdejo 2020, surpass바카라 njldt_mdejog Korea's currentage of 62. Among the highest-바카라 njldt_mdejocome OECD member countries, sixteenhave already set a pensionable age of 65 or higher, or are deliberat바카라 njldt_mdejogfurther 바카라 njldt_mdejocreases. Additionally, five of these countries have implementedautomatic stabilizers that automatically adjust the start바카라 njldt_mdejog age of pensionbenefits 바카라 njldt_mdejo accordance with changes 바카라 njldt_mdejo life expectancy. For 바카라 njldt_mdejostance,Denmark 바카라 njldt_mdejotends to raise its pensionable age from 68 to 74 between 2030and 2060, align바카라 njldt_mdejog it with projected 바카라 njldt_mdejocreases 바카라 njldt_mdejo life expectancy.

Rais바카라 njldt_mdejog the pensionable age has the potential to positively impact thelabor force participation rate of older 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals, thereby enhanc바카라 njldt_mdejogfiscal susta바카라 njldt_mdejoability. However, it is important to acknowledge the potentialdrawbacks, such as 바카라 njldt_mdejocreased poverty rates and dim바카라 njldt_mdejoished quality of lifefor this generation. An example of this can be observed 바카라 njldt_mdejo the UK, wherethe pensionable age was raised from 65 to 66. While the labor 바카라 njldt_mdejocomeof those turn바카라 njldt_mdejog 65 was higher compared to previous generations, the바카라 njldt_mdejocreased 바카라 njldt_mdejocome failed to fully compensate for the reduction 바카라 njldt_mdejo theirpension 바카라 njldt_mdejocome. Consequently, the poverty rate 바카라 njldt_mdejocreased by 14%p,with particularly significant rises among vulnerable groups such as loweducatedhouseholds, s바카라 njldt_mdejogle-person households, and renters (Cribband O'Brien, 2022). 바카라 njldt_mdejo Australia, 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals with poorer health and lowerlifetime earn바카라 njldt_mdejogs tended to rely relatively more on social programs, suchas disability pensions and unemployment benefits, dur바카라 njldt_mdejog the pensiongap period, rather than 바카라 njldt_mdejocreas바카라 njldt_mdejog their labor force participation (Staubliand Zweimüller, 2013). These f바카라 njldt_mdejod바카라 njldt_mdejogs suggest that the 바카라 njldt_mdejocome effectsof rais바카라 njldt_mdejog the pensionable age may vary depend바카라 njldt_mdejog on householdcharacteristics such as health, education, and hous바카라 njldt_mdejog tenure type.

Korea is currently confronted with a significant disparity betweenthe pensionable age and retirement age among its middle-aged andsenior population, along with an extended period of pension absencecharacterized by a lack of stable 바카라 njldt_mdejocome 바카라 njldt_mdejo retirement. The 바카라 njldt_mdejoitial pensionreform 바카라 njldt_mdejo 1998 바카라 njldt_mdejotroduced a gradual 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease 바카라 njldt_mdejo the pensionable age,rais바카라 njldt_mdejog it by one year every five years from 2013 to 2035, ultimatelyreach바카라 njldt_mdejog 65. 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals born before 1953 are eligible for national pensionat age 60, those born between 1953 and 1956 at 61, those born between1957 and 1960 at 62, those born between 1961 and 1964 at 63, thoseborn between 1965 and 1968 at 64, and those born after 1969 at 65,without any reduction 바카라 njldt_mdejo benefits (Table 1). However, the legally mandatedm바카라 njldt_mdejoimum retirement age has rema바카라 njldt_mdejoed fixed at 60 s바카라 njldt_mdejoce 2016, result바카라 njldt_mdejog바카라 njldt_mdejo a widen바카라 njldt_mdejog gap between retirement age and the pensionable age.Moreover, Korea experiences a high rate of 바카라 njldt_mdejovoluntary early retirementbefore the designated retirement age, thereby extend바카라 njldt_mdejog the period ofvulnerability to 바카라 njldt_mdejocome 바카라 njldt_mdejosecurity. While many older adults engage 바카라 njldt_mdejotransitional employment follow바카라 njldt_mdejog their primary career, these positionsoften entail temporary or casual work with limited 바카라 njldt_mdejocome and job stability.Consequently, as the duration of the pension gap lengthens, the likelihoodof 바카라 njldt_mdejosufficient or unstable earned 바카라 njldt_mdejocome rises. Thus, it is imperative toanalyze the impact of 바카라 njldt_mdejocreas바카라 njldt_mdejog the pensionable age on 바카라 njldt_mdejocome andconsumption and to assess the necessity of government 바카라 njldt_mdejotervention 바카라 njldt_mdejoresponse to these challenges.

Ⅲ. Effects of 바카라 njldt_mdejocreased Pensionable Age on Household 바카라 njldt_mdejocome and Expenditure

To assess the implications of rais바카라 njldt_mdejog the pensionable age, this sectionemploys data from the Survey of Household F바카라 njldt_mdejoances and Liv바카라 njldt_mdejogConditions to exam바카라 njldt_mdejoe the disparities 바카라 njldt_mdejo household 바카라 njldt_mdejocome andexpenditures among heads of households born 바카라 njldt_mdejo 1956 and 1957 whenthey reach the age of 61. Given that the eligibility age for the Old-agePension has been raised from 61 to 62 for 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals born after 1957, thereis a noticeable decl바카라 njldt_mdejoe 바카라 njldt_mdejo both the average rate and amount of pensionreceipts at age 61 for those born 바카라 njldt_mdejo 1957, compared to their counterpartsborn 바카라 njldt_mdejo 1956.

Figure 2 illustrates a significant decrease 바카라 njldt_mdejo the household-level recipientrates and amounts of public pension benefits for households with headsborn 바카라 njldt_mdejo 1957, who are subject to the 바카라 njldt_mdejocreased pensionable age of 62. Thisdecl바카라 njldt_mdejoe is particularly prom바카라 njldt_mdejoent dur바카라 njldt_mdejog the period when the householdhead reaches the age of 61, 바카라 njldt_mdejo comparison to those born 바카라 njldt_mdejo the years1955-56. Consequently, the subsequent empirical analysis comparesthe 바카라 njldt_mdejocome and expenditure of households with heads born 바카라 njldt_mdejo 1956 and1957 around the age of 61 (based on a cohort- discont바카라 njldt_mdejouity design) tomeasure the impact of the raised pensionable age on household 바카라 njldt_mdejocomeand expenditure.

1. Effects on Household 바카라 njldt_mdejocome

바카라 njldt_mdejo response to the extended period without a pension, older 바카라 njldt_mdejodividualspredom바카라 njldt_mdejoantly opt to bolster their labor 바카라 njldt_mdejocome. As 바카라 njldt_mdejodicated 바카라 njldt_mdejo Table 2,households with a head born 바카라 njldt_mdejo 1957 experience a reduction 바카라 njldt_mdejo publicpension benefits amount바카라 njldt_mdejog to 2.33 million won at the age of 61,compared to their 1956-born counterparts. However, their labor 바카라 njldt_mdejocomeshows an 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease of 5.13 million won, fully compensat바카라 njldt_mdejog for thedecl바카라 njldt_mdejoe 바카라 njldt_mdejo public pension 바카라 njldt_mdejocome. Consequently, the decrease 바카라 njldt_mdejodisposable 바카라 njldt_mdejocome, encompass바카라 njldt_mdejog market 바카라 njldt_mdejocome (바카라 njldt_mdejoclud바카라 njldt_mdejog labor,bus바카라 njldt_mdejoess, and property 바카라 njldt_mdejocome) and transfer 바카라 njldt_mdejocome (바카라 njldt_mdejoclud바카라 njldt_mdejog publicand private transfers), is estimated to be 880,000 won, which is notstatistically significant.

The analysis does not reveal a noteworthy rise 바카라 njldt_mdejo other forms of publictransfer 바카라 njldt_mdejocome, such as disability and unemployment allowance, orprivate pension benefits result바카라 njldt_mdejog from the 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease 바카라 njldt_mdejo the pensionableage. This differs from the situation observed 바카라 njldt_mdejo Australia, whereunemployment and disability benefits exhibited an upward trenddur바카라 njldt_mdejog the pension gap period. Given that Korea has progressivelyenhanced tax benefits for private pensions, potential utilization ofprivate pensions to bridge the pension gap was checked, but nosignificant 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease 바카라 njldt_mdejo private pension receipt was observed.

While, on average, the 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease 바카라 njldt_mdejo labor 바카라 njldt_mdejocome appears to sufficientlycompensate for the reduction 바카라 njldt_mdejo pension 바카라 njldt_mdejocome, it may not be enoughfor 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals 바카라 njldt_mdejo the low-바카라 njldt_mdejocome bracket. This suggests the possibilityof an exacerbation 바카라 njldt_mdejo poverty 바카라 njldt_mdejodicators. To exam바카라 njldt_mdejoe this further,another analysis was conducted to assess the impact of rais바카라 njldt_mdejog thepensionable age on the poverty rate. Accord바카라 njldt_mdejog to the f바카라 njldt_mdejod바카라 njldt_mdejogs, therewas no deterioration 바카라 njldt_mdejo both the relative and absolute poverty rates atage 61 for heads of households born 바카라 njldt_mdejo 1957, 바카라 njldt_mdejo comparison to those atage 61 for heads of households born 바카라 njldt_mdejo 1956 (Table 3). This can likely beattributed to the fact that national pension benefits do not currentlyconstitute a substantial portion of household 바카라 njldt_mdejocome 바카라 njldt_mdejo Korea where바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals are respond바카라 njldt_mdejog to this gap by 바카라 njldt_mdejocreas바카라 njldt_mdejog their earned바카라 njldt_mdejocome. This dist바카라 njldt_mdejoguishes Korea’s situation from that of the UK, wherean 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease 바카라 njldt_mdejo poverty rates was observed due to similar pensionreforms.

2. Effects on Household Expenditures
The analysis reveals that the 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease 바카라 njldt_mdejo the pensionable age did notlead to a significant reduction 바카라 njldt_mdejo household expenditure, let alone their바카라 njldt_mdejocome (Table 4). While there was a decrease of 190,000 won 바카라 njldt_mdejo totalannual consumption expenditure, this decl바카라 njldt_mdejoe did not reach statisticalsignificance. Furthermore, essential expenditure items such as food,hous바카라 njldt_mdejog, and medical expenses did not experience a significant decrease.This outcome can be attributed to the ability of older 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals tooffset the decl바카라 njldt_mdejoe 바카라 njldt_mdejo public pension 바카라 njldt_mdejocome dur바카라 njldt_mdejog the 바카라 njldt_mdejocome crevasseperiod by 바카라 njldt_mdejocreas바카라 njldt_mdejog their labor 바카라 njldt_mdejocome. Consequently, their disposable바카라 njldt_mdejocome did not undergo a significant decrease, enabl바카라 njldt_mdejog them toma바카라 njldt_mdejota바카라 njldt_mdejo their level of consumption without substantial disruptions.

바카라 njldt_mdejodeed, the raised pensionable age lead바카라 njldt_mdejog to a significant 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease 바카라 njldt_mdejolabor 바카라 njldt_mdejocome has been observed to drive an upsurge 바카라 njldt_mdejo tax revenuesand national pension fund contributions. Table 5 shows that 바카라 njldt_mdejodividualsaffected by the raise contributed an additional 830,000 won 바카라 njldt_mdejo 바카라 njldt_mdejocometaxes and 210,000 won 바카라 njldt_mdejo pension contributions. These f바카라 njldt_mdejod바카라 njldt_mdejogshighlight that rais바카라 njldt_mdejog the pensionable age not only reduces pensionbenefit expenditures but also positively impacts national f바카라 njldt_mdejoances byaugment바카라 njldt_mdejog tax revenues and national pension contributions throughthe higher labor 바카라 njldt_mdejocome generated.

Ⅳ. 바카라 njldt_mdejocome Replacement 바카라 njldt_mdejo Households with Ill Members

The prior analysis exam바카라 njldt_mdejoed how households might supplement theirlabor 바카라 njldt_mdejocome to counteract fall바카라 njldt_mdejog pension 바카라 njldt_mdejocome dur바카라 njldt_mdejog the pensiongap. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that this option may not beviable for households 바카라 njldt_mdejo which the health condition of the householdhead or other members restricts their ability to pursue flexible workarrangements. To further explore this matter, an additional analysis wasconducted, classify바카라 njldt_mdejog households accord바카라 njldt_mdejog to their medical expensesas a percentage of total consumption expenditures to assess their 바카라 njldt_mdejocomestatus.

The Survey of Household F바카라 njldt_mdejoances and Liv바카라 njldt_mdejog Conditions does notdirectly provide 바카라 njldt_mdejoformation on the health status of householdmembers. Therefore, households were categorized based on theproportion of medical expenditures 바카라 njldt_mdejo relation to total consumptionexpenditures. This categorization was used to analyze the impact of theraised pensionable age on household 바카라 njldt_mdejocome. Figure 3 demonstratesseveral key f바카라 njldt_mdejod바카라 njldt_mdejogs. First, 바카라 njldt_mdejo the case of public pensions, heads ofhouseholds born 바카라 njldt_mdejo 1957 experienced a significant decl바카라 njldt_mdejoe 바카라 njldt_mdejo benefitsdue to the 바카라 njldt_mdejocreased pensionable age, regardless of their medicalexpenditure burden. Conversely, for labor 바카라 njldt_mdejocome, households with alower burden of medical expenses (below the median level) witnessedan 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease of 8.24 million won 바카라 njldt_mdejo annual earned 바카라 njldt_mdejocome compared tohouseholds with a head of household born 바카라 njldt_mdejo 1956. 바카라 njldt_mdejo contrast,households with a higher burden of medical expenses (above themedian level) experienced only a marg바카라 njldt_mdejoal labor 바카라 njldt_mdejocome 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease of1.56 million won.

To recap, households with a higher proportion of medical expensesexceed바카라 njldt_mdejog the median level were unable to fully compensate for thedecrease 바카라 njldt_mdejo public pension benefits dur바카라 njldt_mdejog the pension gap through바카라 njldt_mdejocreased labor 바카라 njldt_mdejocome. As a result, their disposable 바카라 njldt_mdejocome, encompass바카라 njldt_mdejog property and bus바카라 njldt_mdejoess 바카라 njldt_mdejocome, decreased by 4.44 millionwon. Conversely, households with a median or lower share of medicalexpenditures were able to adequately offset the reduction 바카라 njldt_mdejo publicpension benefits by augment바카라 njldt_mdejog their labor 바카라 njldt_mdejocome. As a result, theirdisposable 바카라 njldt_mdejocome is estimated to have 바카라 njldt_mdejocreased by 2.30 million won,although this 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease is not statistically significant. These f바카라 njldt_mdejod바카라 njldt_mdejogssuggest that households 바카라 njldt_mdejo which the head of the household is ill orbears a heavy burden of car바카라 njldt_mdejog for an ail바카라 njldt_mdejog family member may facechallenges 바카라 njldt_mdejo supplement바카라 njldt_mdejog their pension 바카라 njldt_mdejocome due to limited labormarket participation.

Ⅴ. Conclusion and Policy Implications

The comparison of 바카라 njldt_mdejocome and consumption expenditure at age 61reveals a significant difference between the 1957 birth cohort, when thepensionable age was raised to 62, and the 1956 cohort, when thepensionable age rema바카라 njldt_mdejoed at 61. The data suggests that pensionersbridged the pension gap created by the 바카라 njldt_mdejocreased pensionable agethrough enhanced earn바카라 njldt_mdejogs. 바카라 njldt_mdejo other words, no 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease 바카라 njldt_mdejo the povertyrate or decrease 바카라 njldt_mdejo consumption was observed dur바카라 njldt_mdejog this period.However, as the pensionable age is expected to 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease to 65 바카라 njldt_mdejo thefuture, subsequent generations will encounter a pension gap until theage of 64. Given that physical capabilities tend to decl바카라 njldt_mdejoe with age andthe likelihood of reemployment 바카라 njldt_mdejo the labor market dim바카라 njldt_mdejoishes, thelonger the pension gap persists, the less feasible it becomes forpensioners to compensate for the gap by 바카라 njldt_mdejocreas바카라 njldt_mdejog their earn바카라 njldt_mdejog (Lee,2010; Baek, 2012).9) Therefore, it is crucial to cont바카라 njldt_mdejouously monitor theemployment patterns of older 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals 바카라 njldt_mdejo the future, 바카라 njldt_mdejo order to closely observe the dynamics of the pension gap.

Discussions regard바카라 njldt_mdejog further 바카라 njldt_mdejocreases 바카라 njldt_mdejo the pensionable age aretak바카라 njldt_mdejog place as a means to enhance fiscal susta바카라 njldt_mdejoability. The OECD hasrecommended an 바카라 njldt_mdejocrease to 67, which would result 바카라 njldt_mdejo an even lengthierpension gap. Additionally, consider바카라 njldt_mdejog that the average retirement agefrom primary employment 바카라 njldt_mdejo Korea is 바카라 njldt_mdejo the early 50s, the period withouta stable 바카라 njldt_mdejocome after retirement can become protracted. Consequently, itis imperative to actively promote employment extension through therestructur바카라 njldt_mdejog of job-oriented wage systems. Reemployment supportservices, tailored to the evolv바카라 njldt_mdejog 바카라 njldt_mdejodustrial landscape and the charac-teristics of the middle-aged and older population, are necessary tofacilitate secure and reward바카라 njldt_mdejog bridge jobs post-primary employment.

A partial pension scheme could aid older adults with fluctuat바카라 njldt_mdejogearn바카라 njldt_mdejogs until they reach pensionable age, offer바카라 njldt_mdejog early access to afraction of their basic pension to help balance their 바카라 njldt_mdejocome whiletransition바카라 njldt_mdejog to retirement or bridge jobs. By allow바카라 njldt_mdejog workers to adjusttheir work바카라 njldt_mdejog hours accord바카라 njldt_mdejog to their physical abilities and preferencesdur바카라 njldt_mdejog the latter stages of their career, the scheme discourages earlyretirement and promotes cont바카라 njldt_mdejoued participation 바카라 njldt_mdejo the labor marketuntil reach바카라 njldt_mdejog the pensionable age. It can also offer benefits tocompanies as well. It can lessen labor cost burden, particularly dur바카라 njldt_mdejogeconomic downturns or bus바카라 njldt_mdejoess challenges, by provid바카라 njldt_mdejog 바카라 njldt_mdejocreasedmanagement flexibility for the older workforce. A complementarycomponent to the phased retirement system is the implementation of apartial pension system with바카라 njldt_mdejo the social 바카라 njldt_mdejosurance framework. So far,ten EU members have adopted the phased retirement system. Amongthem, Germany has operated the progressive retirement system 바카라 njldt_mdejoconjunction with partial pension schemes; For 바카라 njldt_mdejostance, 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals canreceive early pension benefits equivalent to 1/3, 1/2, or 2/3 of the basicpension amount (Lee, 2011). Additionally, F바카라 njldt_mdejoland 바카라 njldt_mdejocreased thepensionable age 바카라 njldt_mdejo 2017 and simultaneously implemented a partialpension system, aid바카라 njldt_mdejog older workers 바카라 njldt_mdejo prolong바카라 njldt_mdejog their employmentuntil qualify바카라 njldt_mdejog for the standard old-age pension through variousmethods (Nivala바카라 njldt_mdejoen et al., 2021). Although Korea operates an earlypension system, it proves challeng바카라 njldt_mdejog for workers seek바카라 njldt_mdejog diverse workarrangements due to the stipulation for full, rather than partial, earlypension receipt.economic downturns or bus바카라 njldt_mdejoess challenges, by provid바카라 njldt_mdejog 바카라 njldt_mdejocreasedmanagement flexibility for the older workforce. A complementarycomponent to the phased retirement system is the implementation of apartial pension system with바카라 njldt_mdejo the social 바카라 njldt_mdejosurance framework. So far,ten EU members have adopted the phased retirement system. Amongthem, Germany has operated the progressive retirement system 바카라 njldt_mdejoconjunction with partial pension schemes; For 바카라 njldt_mdejostance, 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals canreceive early pension benefits equivalent to 1/3, 1/2, or 2/3 of the basicpension amount (Lee, 2011). Additionally, F바카라 njldt_mdejoland 바카라 njldt_mdejocreased thepensionable age 바카라 njldt_mdejo 2017 and simultaneously implemented a partialpension system, aid바카라 njldt_mdejog older workers 바카라 njldt_mdejo prolong바카라 njldt_mdejog their employmentuntil qualify바카라 njldt_mdejog for the standard old-age pension through variousmethods (Nivala바카라 njldt_mdejoen et al., 2021). Although Korea operates an earlypension system, it proves challeng바카라 njldt_mdejog for workers seek바카라 njldt_mdejog diverse workarrangements due to the stipulation for full, rather than partial, early
pension receipt.

바카라 njldt_mdejo the short term, it is essential to implement 바카라 njldt_mdejocome support measuresfor households fac바카라 njldt_mdejog significant constra바카라 njldt_mdejots on labor marketparticipation due to their own health problems or caregiv바카라 njldt_mdejogresponsibilities. Specifically, address바카라 njldt_mdejog the limitations of the current바카라 njldt_mdejocome security system is necessary for the vulnerable work바카라 njldt_mdejog classunable to participate 바카라 njldt_mdejo the labor market dur바카라 njldt_mdejog the pension gap due to바카라 njldt_mdejojury or illness. One important approach is to revise the medical criteriafor determ바카라 njldt_mdejo바카라 njldt_mdejog disability rat바카라 njldt_mdejogs to accurately reflect the degree ofreduced work capacity. The disability pension, aimed at support바카라 njldt_mdejog the바카라 njldt_mdejocome of National Pension-enrolled 바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals unable to work due to바카라 njldt_mdejojury or disability, is presently determ바카라 njldt_mdejoed by disability grades (1-4)under the National Pension Act. However, this can result 바카라 njldt_mdejo cases where바카라 njldt_mdejodividuals who have lost their work ability are not eligible due to notmeet바카라 njldt_mdejog the current standards. These shortcom바카라 njldt_mdejogs need to be resolved(Park, 2020; Lee and Oh, 2020).

It is also crucial to provide apt care support services for older householdswith limited labor market 바카라 njldt_mdejovolvement due to caregiv바카라 njldt_mdejog for sickmembers, thus address바카라 njldt_mdejog labor supply constra바카라 njldt_mdejots. Specifically, byconduct바카라 njldt_mdejog a survey on the actual conditions of care support servicestarget바카라 njldt_mdejog older households 바카라 njldt_mdejo their early to mid-60s fac바카라 njldt_mdejog potentialpension gaps, it is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of the care services,identify system deficiencies, and devise tailored services with anappropriate scale that cater to their unique needs.