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In this paper, we analyze the impact of external uncertainty shocks on the Korean economy, focusing on Russian geopolitical risks and U.S. monetary policy uncertainty. We find that increases in external uncertainties negatively affect the Korean macroeconomy, with a particularly pronounced impact on sectors highly dependent on external markets. Our micro-level analysis reveals that the effects of external uncertainties on exports vary across different countries and sectors. A firm-level analysis further suggests that Russian geopolitical risks primarily impact the economy through real friction, while U.S. monetary policy uncertainty affects it through both real and financial friction. By identifying multiple transmission channels through both a macro- and a micro-level analysis, we provide a comprehensive understanding of how uncertainty affects the real economy. Our findings could offer valuable insights for policymakers when responding to rapidly changing external conditions.

　Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Literature Review
Ⅲ. Measures of External Uncertainties
Ⅳ. The Impact of External Uncertainties: Macroeconomic Analysis
Ⅴ. Impact of External Uncertainty: Micro-Level Analysis
Ⅵ. Conclusion
APPENDIX
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